We all take the term “dying of hunger” very lightly and often use it as a joke. In reality, this phrase is often lived out in real life by people struggling to find food around the world. Rib cages are outlined on the bodies of children and their arms and legs look like toothpicks. Parents give up their food in an attempt to keep their children alive. Food scarcity has devastating impacts on the world. Many factors play a role in the cause, such as poor farming technology, low yielding crops, a lack of government intervention, and a whole host of other problems. As a result of these problems, many lives have been shattered and hearts broken.
Farming practices have been advancing greatly as the years have gone on with new farm equipment, farming practices and products. But countries, such as Africa, have barely seen any of these advancements. New seed technology and fertilizer products have not been accessible by a majority of the farmers in Africa. Soil conservation practices have been minuscule. Water has been one of the most prominent issues as Africa is very arid, and growing crops in dust can be quite catastrophic. With a shortage of water sources and improper irrigation techniques, much of the valuable water is going to waste, further hurting the production for farmers. A lack of education has also had an astronomical impact on the agriculture world as the farmers have not been able to learn all about the new ways to farm efficiently. Lacking the proper techniques and technologies can severely degrade the farmers ability to produce high quality crops to help feed the starving population. The agricultural world has always strove to increase the yields of crops. Many challenges have been encountered through this process and have greatly hindered the farmers ability to produce high yielding crops in order to defeat the hunger situation. Climate change has brought more periodic rains that have become heavier and wash away the key soil that the farmers need to hold in the nutrients and roots of the crops. It also creates puddles for insects to hatch eggs in, which adds the the possibility of a disease spreading to the crops and people. It is hard to harvest crops when there is no one to gather them. A lack of labor has been created as a result of HIV/AIDS. Men are falling ill and dying, leaving no one to provide for families. Expenses go unpaid and widows are left without knowing how they will survive. Little water for the crops and a lack of proper knowledge further hinders the ability for food production. Without addressing these problems, the country will advance into hunger. Genetically modified crops have been in great controversy over whether or not they are safe for the consumption for animals and humans. African farmers are not allowed to use these crops unless they can prove where they got them from and whether or not it was legal. This is a huge process for farmers to go through and may deter many from using these crops even though they could produce much better yields with much better yield qualities. Foreign influence has taken away from the economy of Africa. Major seed companies from other nations have come in and bought up the smaller seed companies within Africa. The money they make can then be distributed elsewhere outside of Africa and is used for other things. The African government has also taken little action in aiding their people. Resources for farmers need to be made accessible so that farmers can be as profitable as possible, while producing high yielding crops and still being efficient. The creation of roads to rural areas is one big way the government can work to increase the success of the farmers. Without action, all will be lost. People everyday take what they have for granted here in the United States - lots of money, a sturdy house to live in and food three times a day. Getting a small piece of bread would be a miracle for those living in poverty in Africa. With problems like a lack of corn and a poor crop burdening the people, they feel as if there is nothing that can be done. That no one else cares whether or not they live or die. But there are people out there. People who care to see them live. People who can provide help. It is time for us to take a stand. They are like a disease, constantly emerging to inflict more damage on the already discombobulated country. These “diseases” are an increase in foreign interference, a battle with genetically modified crops, and a lacking effort by the African government to combat these issues. The longer it takes for these problems to be solved, the more dire the food shortage issue becomes. Steps need to be taken in order to improve the quality of life and food for the people of Africa; steps like addressing the problems of foreign interference, GM crops, and lacking government action. Foreign interference has been a growing issue in Africa as seed companies from other parts of the world have come in to take over the seed companies in Africa. Allowing this to happen has the potential to hurt the economy in Africa severely. Money used in purchasing seed is now sent out through these non-african corporations to be used in other places of the world. This lowers the amount of money circulating in the African economy. The money needs to stay within Africa to help build up the economy, but instead it is being used by massive seed companies for uses outside Africa. Prices are also more prone to fluctuate as the people have less control of the seed market. In addition, the availability of certain seeds may be jeopardized as the foreign companies might not carry the same crop seeds that the African companies carried. In order to help protect and preserve the lives of the people and the economy, action must be taken by the African government to regulate the amount of foreign influence (“How (not) to feed Africa”). One thing that worries people when it comes to farming is whether or not genetically modified organisms are safe for human consumption. Zambia has denied any GM crops from entering its borders, because they are unsure of the effects of eating these crops, and want to look into alternatives. The World Trade Organization has also banned anyone from having genetically modified crops unless they can prove how they obtained them. For any farmer wanting to plant genetically modified crops, these laws make it extremely hard. They must go through all the work of providing evidence that they legally have the crops and this may deter many farmers from becoming involved in GMO’s. Genetically modified crops could potentially stand up to droughts better and yield more, becoming a great benefit to farmers in Africa as they would be able to produce more and in tougher conditions. If farmers do not want to deal with the hassle of proving how they obtained the crops, a great opportunity to help improve the hunger situation in Africa has been lost. “Food shortages have left more than 2.5 million people in need of food aid in Niger, where over 20 percent of the population is suffering life-threatening malnutrition” (“Famine in Niger and Mali”). With that many people lacking food, changes need to be made so that Africa can take advantage of any opportunity that would help benefit their situation (“How (not) to feed Africa”). The African government needs to act in order to improve the hunger situation its country is facing. One of the most important aspects to farming is transporting goods to the market. Driveable roads are required in order for this to happen. Investing in public roads is key to improving the production of agriculture. It will increase the access to rural areas and towns, helping to better the marketing ability of farmers, and allowing them easier access to fields. Being able to transport produce efficiently is important for the farmer selling his crop as well as the hungry people in need of that produce. Without roads, there is no food (Hunnicutt ). “In southern Africa 20 million people are facing food shortages because the harvest has just failed across the region” (Molony). In order to help prevent another problem like that, the issue concerning grain storage needs to be taken care of. If grain storage could be improved, there could be more facilities to hold more grain. So that when hunger strikes, there would hopefully be enough food to keep the country running. Through more government action, the battle with hunger can be overcome and prevented (“How (not) to feed Africa”). Africa’s hunger problem is not unsolvable. Even though issues like lack of government assistance, genetically modified crops and foreign influence seem extremely difficult to tackle, there is a solution. If more action was taken by the government to evaluate and work to solve the problems, a lot of change would happen. Problems like these cannot be solved overnight. But the sooner the problem is looked into, the sooner it can be solved. Through improving crops, eliminating foreign influence and encouraging government intervention, the battle with hunger can be won. Works Cited “Famine in Niger and Mali : Natural Hazards.” NASA, NASA, 31 July 2005. Earthobservatory .nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=15318. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. "How (not) to feed Africa: Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher takes an alternative look at the Southern African famine. (Famine)." New Internationalist, Jan.-Feb. 2003, p. 14+. General OneFile,go.galegroup.com/ps/i.dop=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA9787 2835&it=r&asid=a9df858b7398dddc3f4197a4f5a85574. Accessed 14 Feb. 2017. Hunnicutt, Susan. World Hunger. Detroit, Greenhaven Press, 2007. Photo: Laporte, Nadine. “Landsat Helps Assess Impact of Industrial Logging in Central Africa.” \Landsat Science, NASA , 24 Mar. 2017, landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat-helps-assess- impacts-of-industrial-logging-in-central-africa/. Accessed 26 Mar. 2017. Molony, Noel. "Food crisis in southern Africa: 20 million facing serious food shortages." Geographical, July 2002, p. 74. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw= p=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA89379458&it=r&asid=b433fce9d6d8 15de3eab839bd7134dfc. Accessed 27 Jan. 2017. It is a chain reaction. One thing after another leads the country of Africa deeper and deeper into poverty. As the crop yields fail, so do the people. With factors such as climate change, limited education, lack of labor and a shortage of water bearing down hard upon the people, the results of these problems have had catastrophic effects. Prolonged dry periods, outdated farming techniques and uneducated farmers, along with a lack of manpower to tend the fields and water the crops, has severely hurt the agricultural industry within Africa and will require great attention if it is going to be improved. Rainfall has always been constructed as a helpful thing in periods of drought, right? It provides plants with water, but it also causes erosion and flooding. Plant roots help hold the soil in its place. They soak up nutrients and water in the soil. When heavy rains fall, pouring more water upon the earth than what can be soaked up, water runoff can carry away key nutrients and soil that plants desperately need in order to grow. This can be devastating to farmers as crops can also be washed away in floods, and fields of crops can be leveled from fast moving water. As climate change brings heavier more frequent rainfalls, growing crops and putting crops into the ground in a timely manner could become more difficult. There is a certain window to cultivate and plant crops and if that window is missed, crop production could be severely hurt. Crops may be affected by weather and other factors because harvest would be later. These factors can be major game changers in the farming world and can eliminate a farmer's crops for the year, destroying their livelihood (Hunnicutt 15). A harvest failure in Africa leaves the producer without food or money and the buyer in trouble as well. Africa is a very agricultural based country and if farmers are not able to produce food to sell for money, they will not have the ability to sustain their families and their children will go hungry, possibly starving to death in their parents arms (“How (not) to feed Africa”). Africa has struggled majorly as an underdeveloped country. The agricultural industry has especially taken a hit because of its lack of development. Farmers there do not have the ability to access all the equipment, supplies and GPS systems that U.S. farmers have. They also lack knowledge of new and improved techniques in the cultivation and planting of crops. Crops cannot reach full potential if they are not properly cared for and the lack of schooling for Africans can really hurt in the advancement of agriculture there. In order to preserve the land and future of agriculture for generations to come, major upgrades need to take place to assist those who will come later so that they can survive (Hunnicutt 17). Diseases and sickness have also hurt the people of Africa. With malaria and HIV/AIDS taking the lives of many workers, this leaves fewer workers to tend the fields and threatens the future of agriculture through the loss of young, potential farmers and through a loss of present day farmers who would not be able to pass their knowledge along to the younger generations. Through the limited education and limited help in the fields, the future of the African people is uncertain (Hunnicutt 15). Water is the key to life. Nothing can grow and prosper without it. This is very true and well known by African farmers. Farmers have watched their crops grow and prosper, and then within a few weeks, have them all fail. Their whole livelihood and well being out the window like that. “In southern Africa 20 million people are facing food shortages because the harvest has just failed across the region” (Molony 1). One drought can ruin a country and set many into a panic as they face the fact of having no food. Poor farming practices can lead to soil and ecosystem degradation, which ultimately will lead up to the pollution and poisoning of the water so many depend on. With Africa being as dry of a climate as it is, there are not a whole lot of easily accessible water sources for farmers to use for irrigation. Along with inefficient irrigation practices, water is often wasted and wasting valuable water just further reduces the amount that can be used to actually water the crops. Water harvesting technology also needs to me invest in to help add sources of water and take the most advantage of when it rains. Promoting and teaching more efficient irrigation practices, how to keep water sources clean and how to find new ways to get water can greatly impact the water scarcity problem for the better (Hunnicutt 19). The agricultural industry within Africa is constantly being pounded with problems that hamper the production of crops. Drought has ruined the soil for the crops. Men to work the fields are constantly becoming sick and with limited education among family members, it is extremely hard to bring in extra money from other jobs. Climate change has varied rainfall patterns and eroded the soil. “Food shortages have left more than 2.5 million people in need of food aid in Niger, where over 20 percent of the population is suffering life-threatening malnutrition” (“Famine in Niger and Mali”). Food scarcity is an ever growing worry in Africa and without the proper attention, the people there will be left to starve. Works Cited “Famine in Niger and Mali : Natural Hazards.” NASA, NASA, 31 July 2005. Earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=15318. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. "How (not) to feed Africa: Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher takes an alternative look at the Southern African famine. (Famine)." New Internationalist, Jan.-Feb. 2003, p. 14+. General OneFile,go.galegroup.com/ps/i.dop=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA97872 835&it=r&asid=a9df858b7398dddc3f4197a4f5a85574. Accessed 14 Feb. 2017. Hunnicutt, Susan. World Hunger. Detroit, Greenhaven Press, 2007. Molony, Noel. "Food crisis in southern Africa: 20 million facing serious food shortages." Geographical, July 2002, p. 74. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w &u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA89379458&it=r&asid=b433fce9d6d815de3eab839bd 7134dfc. Accessed 27 Jan. 2017. Photo: Staub, Emily. “Collecting Water From a Stagnant Pool.” Parasites - Dracunculiasis (Also Known as Guinea Word Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 31 Mar. 2015, www.cdc.gov/parasites/guineaworm/epi.html. Accessed 5 Mar. 2017. Problem after problem has plagued the people of Africa. Drought and insects such, as locust, have ravaged and destroyed the vital pasture and cropland that the people so desperately need in order to survive (“Famine in Niger and Mali”). Many of the problems experienced by the people of Africa have resulted from a poor handling of the situation by the African government and also by many little stemming factors such as controversy with GM crops, foreign influence, and a lack of government influence. These problems desperately need to be addressed in order to help improve and preserve the life and futures of many who are living in Africa. Through tending to these three overarching problems of uncertainty with GM crops, foreign interference, and not enough government action, Africa can greatly improve the impoverished situation that they are currently in.
A concern to the country of Africa is GMO’s. Parts of Africa are worried about the risk of eating genetically modified corn and how it might affect them. Grinding down the corn and turning it into flour has some countries within Africa accepting the corn coming from the United States, but Zambia has given a firm no to this notion. They are not within a time of extreme disparity yet and are wanting to look for new alternative options instead of letting their people have the genetically modified corn. There is also the problem with article 34 of the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights agreement that is enforced by the World Trade Organization. It states that no one is allowed to have any genetically modified crop unless they can prove that the way they got the seed was legal and legitimate. Farmers have to try and prove that they were, so to say, responsible for the cross pollination process that it takes to make a genetically modified seed. That would be extremely hard for the farmer to be able to prove and therefore would be condemned as a criminal. If GMO’s are going to be allowed into the country, rules need to be changed to help protect the people and farmers of Africa who are in possession of a genetically modified crop (“How (not) to feed Africa”). Whenever outside companies start to take control of certain areas within nations, it can never be a good sign. The government of Africa has allowed transnational seed companies, most whom are from the United States, come into Africa and take over the smaller seed companies that farmers typically buy their seed from. This has undermined the people's ability to control what they are able to eat and what they will be able to produce crop wise (“How (not) to feed Africa”). “Food shortages have left more than 2.5 million people in need of food aid in Niger, where over 20 percent of the population is suffering life-threatening malnutrition” (“Famine in Niger and Mali”). If the food shortages get any worse, these numbers will ever increase and further hamper efforts to improve the lives of those living in Africa and its many nations. Keeping business local is an excellent way to keep money flowing locally and will help benefit the communities and towns within Africa as wages will be paid, seed will be local seed, and the circle of agriculture will continue to grow as seed business and farmers grow as well (“How (not) to feed Africa”). The government needs to increase their involvement within the agriculture world. They can work with the farmers in order to help improve their quality of life as well as the rest of the country's quality of life. Resources need to be made more readily available to farmers at a low cost so that they can use them in the fields. The tactics that many farmers in the area are currently implementing need to be reviewed and improved to be the most efficient and effective. The environment is key in growing crops and determining the different kind of crops and crop types for the area will help in producing the most in the right conditions (“Global Food Crisis”). “The crisis is particularly acute for Africa, where the current high prices and food shortages have served to highlight a long-lived "silent hunger" affecting 200 million people, from young to old, and including 33 million malnourished children. In Africa, the underlying cause of this hunger is the longstanding neglect of agriculture on national and international levels” (“Global Food Crisis”). Installing storage facilities can help to alleviate the problem of food shortages. Many farmers have nowhere to store their crops as large grain bins are not an option for them. Creating storage sheds where grain can be stored for better markets or famines could be a key factor in working to solve the hunger problem. Through more government involvement, the agricultural industry within Africa can be greatly enhanced and the people will be provided with more food (“How (not) to feed Africa”). Through the disparity and hopelessness experienced by many within Africa, healing is possible. Increased efforts from the African government to improve the way farms are run, the technology, the practices, and way grain is handled can all contribute to successfully defeating hunger. More research and development of GM grains could help to ensure a safe eating crop and could be the source to growing bigger and better crops. Keeping business and money local will help to enhance the lives of the people in communities and towns and will also help provide more profit and money circulation as well. Even in the darkest of days and the lowest points in life, there is always a Light shining in the darkness. Works Cited “Famine in Niger and Mali : Natural Hazards.” NASA, NASA, 31 July 2005. Earthobservatory .nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=15318. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. "Global Food Crisis As An Opportunity To End Hunger In Africa." Space Daily, 10 July 2008. GeneralOneFile,go.galegroup.com/ps/i.dop=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE %7CA181143094&it=r&asid=1fc5a8450d7a2c3bc22d3d6136ffc915. Accessed 30 Jan. 2017. "How (not) to feed Africa: Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher takes an alternative look at the Southern African famine. (Famine)." New Internationalist, Jan.-Feb. 2003, p. 14+. General OneFile,go.galegroup.com/ps/i.dop=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA97 872835&it=r&asid=a9df858b7398dddc3f4197a4f5a85574. Accessed 14 Feb. 2017. Photo: Modola , Siegfried. “Corn Harvest of 2012 in Ugenya, Kenya .” 10 Ways America Is Helping Feed the World, United States Agency International Development , 19 May 2014. blog. usaid.gov/category/extreme-poverty/page/2/. Accessed 21 Feb. 2017. Imagine waking up one day and peeking your head into the cupboard for breakfast only to find barren shelves. It would be quite alarming to actually have no food, but this could be the reality in the future. Because agriculture has been relatively overlooked throughout the course of time, a problem has been created: farmers around the world are not able to provide enough food to keep their families and the world fed (Global Food Crisis). One of the biggest points to look at when it comes to increasing the availability of food to the growing world is how much crops are yielding. Factors such as climate change, lack of labor, limited education, and water availability greatly contribute to this issue. By addressing these problems, higher yields can be achieved in crop productions (Hunnicutt 14). Climate change has always been thought of as a major problem with no benefits, but there is some light in the darkness. More water may be available for irrigation for farmers as well as in prolonged dry seasons due to increased rainfall events during these dry seasons. This helps to provide crops with water in better timing intervals. Climate change also causes problems. With heavier rainfalls, soil erosion will begin to become a problem as all the loose, dry and powdery dirt will be easily washed away by torrential downpours. Losing valuable soil through erosion could further hurt the farmers as nutrients, found in the soil, that are key for crops to grow and yield are lost. Pests that affect cattle and crops may begin to thrive with the rain as standing puddles can be an oasis for these insects to reproduce. These nuisance creatures often carry diseases that could potentially wipe out herds of livestock and decimate crops as insects devour them or spread diseases to them, costing farmers and the nation valuable money and food. The issues from climate change could negatively affect many farmers in Africa and further increase the lack of food produced there (Hunnicutt 15). “The HIV/AIDS epidemic is another global concern, with an estimated 42 million cases worldwide at the end of 2002, 95% of those are in developing countries” (Hunnicutt 15). With disease comes death. Many do not link diseases such as these to being a contributing factor of food scarcity, but there is a link between the two through a loss of money and a loss of labor. Money that may have been meant to pay for crop or food expenses is now being removed to help pay for funerals or medicine for the diseases. These diseases may also take the lives of the working class, causing a shortage of people who can tend to the fields and produce the food. Without money to buy food or labor to grow it, how are families going to survive? If these diseases can be prevented and more easily treated, it will help to improve the growing capacity of farmers (Hunnicutt 15). Even though many people despise it, schooling is extremely important, especially when it comes to advancing the research and technology of agriculture. Through education, farmers are able to learn about new and effective techniques for increasing yields. They can also learn of new technology and modern implements. With education, money can be made in other job areas besides farming, helping to bring in more income to support families and the expenses experienced by the family. Some of this money could be used to help purchase agricultural products for farms. As women are a key part of the workforce in Africa, educating them is increasingly important. Through education, women can help to increase environmental management by helping to preserve and improve land for farming. Learning about stress tolerance, harvest index, and biomass of the plant can greatly improve the research and development of crops. Investing in the people and technology of today will help to benefit those of tomorrow (Hunnicutt 17) There are numerous factors that contribute to the scarcity of water in the world that include soil and ecosystem degradation, water pollution and depletion, and lack of new water sources. The improvement of water usage and irrigation practices needs to be further developed in order to minimize the amount of water wasted and to help preserve what is left, especially in the groundwater supply. Promoting irrigation management systems will help to minimize water waste when irrigating yet maximize the crop output. Investment into water harvesting technology could be another key source for water. Collecting the rainwater when it does fall can be beneficial for the times when there is a lack of water as farmers can continue to optimize their crops through the irrigation process. Improving water availability is key to making sure the crops produce the maximum yields while staying alive as well (Hunnicutt 19). Yields are extremely important to the agriculture world. The higher the yields, the more crop there is and the more money people can make at the market. Through advancing the awareness of climate change, working to cure diseases, increasing agricultural education, and learning about efficient water usage, food production can be greatly impacted for the better. Investing time and money into the agricultural world will help to improve the lives of those today as well as for those tomorrow. Works Cited General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE% 7CA181143094&it=r&asid=1fc5a8450d7a2c3bc22d3d6136ffc915. Accessed 30 Jan. 2017. "Global Food Crisis As An Opportunity To End Hunger In Africa." Space Daily, 10 July 2008. Hunnicutt, Susan. World Hunger. Detroit, Greenhaven Press, 2007. Photo: Nichols, Bob. “Photo of Drought Stressed Corn.” Study Assesses Fragility of Global Food System, NASA , 19 Mar. 2015, www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/puma_03/. A boy wakes up in the middle of the night craving food. He wishes he could easily solve this problem by just hopping out of bed and finding it in the house but he can not. Many kids in Africa do not have the opportunity we have to find food whenever we want. Many get hunger pains in the night but do not hop out of bed because they know there is no use. They have no food. People fortunate enough to have food today often take it for granted that they can get food whenever they want. Many kids wake up hungry and go to bed feeling the exact same way. There is an urgent need to provide healthy, accessible, and affordable food in Africa and around the globe. I believe through developing, improving, and implementing new and old farming practices, everyone in the world can have food to eat each day. The agriculture industry in Africa has been overlooked for many years. Poor working conditions for farmers, who are mainly women, have made it very difficult for them to grow crops (“Global Food Crisis”). “In South Africa, maize production was estimated to have dropped by a third, compared to 2014, putting it on track for a harvest of 9.665 million tonnes, the worst in eight years, WFP said. South Africa produces more than 40 per cent of regional maize” (“Drought May Cause Food Shortage” ). Corn contains many carbohydrates and the people of Africa rely on corn as a source of energy. How are the people going to be able to afford buying food if they barely have any crop to sell for money? How are they going to be able to pay for next years crop supplies? How can crops be irrigated? These and many other questions like them need to be answered in order to improve the agriculture world in Africa. There are ten main issues to look at that need attention. They include agriculture development, crop variety, soil fertility, water, farm stores, marketing, insurance, government aid, land policies and global trade. If these ten key factors of agriculture can be improved, farm production in Africa can also be improved, helping to provide enough food to the people. The main point of of all ten is that the farmers in Africa lack the supplies and market that they need in order to be prosperous (“Global Food Crisis”). Without water, crops will dry up. Without fertilizer, the crops will not be able to grow. The farmer needs every single little resource that he or she can get their hands on to help benefit their crops and yields. This is their lifestyle and they are fighting with everything they got to preserve it. This is not a problem that is solved overnight. For many years, world hunger has been an ever growing problem that people have been trying to combat. It will take many more to come, but I believe that it is possible. Issues are not unsolvable, they just take time to solve. Taking problems one at a time. Through improving water efficiency in irrigation, to creating crops that will yield better and more nutritious, all the people of Africa can be fed. Sacrificing some of your time and sharing some of the blessings that have been given is a great way to help those who have less and bless them. Works Cited "Drought may cause food shortage in southern Africa, says UN agency." Down To Earth, 14 May 2015. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do p=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1& id=GALE%7CA413679536&it=r&asid=ea6ddb01c42a64773aa429f87a16dd46. Accessed 26 Jan. 2017. "Global Food Crisis As An Opportunity To End Hunger In Africa." Space Daily, 10 July 2008. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.dop=GPS&sw=w&u=5166pchs&v=2.1&id=GALE %7CA181143094&it=r&asid=1fc5a8450d7a2c3bc22d3d6136ffc915. Accessed 30 Jan. 2017. “Girls on Green Shirt Holding a Silver Round Bowl.” Pexels, Pexels, www.pexels.com/photo/ girls-on-green-shirt-holding-a-silver-round-bowl-46259/. Robson, Madi. “Boy in White Jacket Near the Wood.” Pexels, Pexels, www.pexels.com/photo /boy-in-white-jacket-near-the-wood-128901/. |